JECFA also evaluated estimates of dietary exposure to titanium dioxide, estimating the maximum 95^th percentile of exposure to be 10 mg/kg BW per day. Overall, considering the low oral absorption of titanium dioxide as a food additive, the committee reaffirmed the ADI “not specified” that was established at the 13^th meeting.

The most significant uncertainty identified by the EU experts was the concern that TiO₂ particles may have genotoxic effects. Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a chemical to directly damage genetic material within a cell (DNA), which may lead to cancer in certain situations. Although the experts did not conclude that TiO₂ particles in E171 are genotoxic, they could not rule out the concern that they might be.

Barium sulphate, a chemical compound with the formula BaSO₄, is widely recognized for its numerous applications in various industries, particularly in the field of medicine, paints, plastics, and as a component in drilling fluids. One of the distinguishing features of barium sulphate is its striking physical property its color. Understanding the color of barium sulphate not only helps in identifying the compound during handling but also plays a significant role in its applications and quality assessment.

Pigment White 5; CI 77115; Deckweiss (Deut.); Lithopone (Deut.); litopón (Esp.); lithopone (Fr.); lithoponio (Gr.); litopone (It.); lithopoon (Ned.); litopone (Port.); Orr's white; oleum white; Griffiths zinc white; Sterling white; Albalith; Charlton white; Ponolith; Jersey Lily white; Sunotlith; Beckton white; Zincolith

Variations of titanium dioxide are added to enhance the whiteness of paint, plastics, and paper products, though these variations differ from the food-grade ones for things we eat (1Trusted Source, 2Trusted Source).

What is titanium dioxide? Why is it used in food products?

Titanium dioxide is typically micronized and coated for use in cosmetics products. The micronizing makes this somewhat heavy-feeling ingredient easier to spread on skin, plus a bit more cosmetically elegant. Micronized titanium dioxide is much more stable and can provide better sun protection than non-micronized titanium dioxide.

One of the key advantages of using anatase titanium dioxide in coatings is its superior UV resistance. This makes it ideal for outdoor applications where coatings are exposed to sunlight and other environmental factors that can degrade the finish over time. Anatase titanium dioxide helps to protect the underlying surface from UV rays, preventing fading and deterioration.

Certificate of Analysis (Lithopone B301, Lithopone B311 powder TDS)

Nano, or ultrafine, TiO₂ comprises primary particles sized less than 100nm. In this grade, titanium dioxide is transparent (colourless) and boasts improved UV scattering and absorbing properties compared with larger particle-size pigmentary TiO₂.

0.1% Max

Biointerfaces, Biomimicking, and Biohybrid Systems

In industrial settings, people can be exposed to titanium dioxide through inhalation. Inhalation exposure to titanium dioxide is exceedingly rare for most people. 

Lithopone is used in water-based paints because of its excellent alkali resistance. It is also used as a whitener and reinforcing agent for rubber and as a filler and whitener for paper.

Promotion of obesity-related metabolic disorders